ʻO ka hale hana paipu kukui pololei kaʻa

ʻO ka paipu kukui pololei he ʻano mea kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma hope o ke kaha kiʻi maikaʻi a i ʻole ka ʻōwili anu. No ka mea, ʻaʻohe papa oxide ma nā paia o loko a me waho o ka paipu kukui pololei, ʻaʻohe leakage ma lalo o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻohe deformation i ke anu anuanu, flaring, flattening a ʻaʻohe māwae, hoʻohana nui ʻia e hana i nā huahana. o nā mea pneumatic a hydraulic paha, e like me ka air cylinder a i ʻole ka ʻaila cylinder, hiki ke lilo i paipu seamless a i ʻole paipu welded. ʻO ka hui kemika o ka paipu ʻālohilohi pololei e pili ana i ke kalapona C, silicon Si, manganese Mn, sulfur s, phosphorus P a me chromium CR. ʻO ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe, hoʻopau i ka ʻōwili ʻana, non oxidizing wela wela wela (NBK state), hoʻāʻo nondestructive, brushing a me ka holoi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka paipu kila i loko o ka paia me nā mea hana kūikawā, antirust lāʻau me ka antirust aila ma ka paipu kila, a me ka mālama lepo me nā uhi. ma na welau elua. ʻO nā paia o loko a me waho o ka paipu kila he kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka hopena kiʻekiʻe. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka wela, ʻaʻohe papa oxide a me ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka pā i loko. ʻO ka paipu kila ke piʻi kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole deform i ka wā e kulou ana i ke anu, ʻaʻohe māwae i ka wā e ʻā a palahalaha. Hiki ke hana ʻia ka paipu kila pololei no nā ʻano deformation paʻakikī a me ka mīkini. Ka waihoʻoluʻu paipu kila: keʻokeʻo me ka ʻālohilohi, me ka luster metala kiʻekiʻe. Loaʻa i nā kaʻa a me nā mea hana mīkini nā koi kiʻekiʻe no ka pololei a me ka pau ʻana o nā paipu kila. ʻAʻole wale nā ​​mea hoʻohana me nā koi kiʻekiʻe no ka pololei a me ka hoʻopau ʻana. No ka mea he kiʻekiʻe ka pololei o ka paipu ʻālohilohi a hiki ke mālama ʻia ka hoʻomanawanui ma 2-8 mau uea, nui nā mea hoʻohana machining e hoʻololi mālie i ka paipu kila maʻemaʻe a i ʻole ke kila pōʻai i loko o ka paipu kukui pololei i mea e mālama ai i ka hana, nā mea a me ka manawa.

Loaʻa ka ʻōnaehana martensite ma ke kinai ʻana i ka paipu kukui pololei a hoʻonāukiuki ʻia i ka pae wela o 450 ~ 600 ℃; A i ʻole ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka 650 ℃, e hele i 350 ~ 600 ℃ ma kahi wikiwiki hoʻomaha; A i ʻole ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka 650 ℃ a me ka hoʻomehana ʻana no ka manawa lōʻihi i ka pae wela o 350 ~ 650 ℃, e hoʻohua mai ka pahu kukui pololei. Inā hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou ʻia ka pahu kila pololei 20 # i 650 ℃ a laila hoʻomaha koke, hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka paʻakikī. No laila, ua kapa ʻia ʻo % 26ldquo; Hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka ʻeha o ka huhū%26rdquo; ʻO ka brittleness o ke kiʻekiʻe wela e hōʻike ana i ka piʻi ʻana o ka toughness brittleness transformation temperature of precision bright tube. Kiʻekiʻe wela tempering brittleness. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka naʻau ma ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka wela hoʻololi ductile brittle i loko o ke kūlana paʻakikī a me ke kūlana brittle (% 26delta; T) E hōʻike. ʻO ka ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka brittleness o ke kiʻekiʻe wela wela, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka haʻihaʻi intergranular ma ka haʻihaʻi o ka paipu kukui pololei.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hopena o nā mea e pili ana i ka brittleness wela wela i loko o ka puʻupuʻu kukui pololei i: (1) nā mea haumia e hoʻoulu ai i ka wela kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o ka paipu kukui pololei, e like me ka phosphorus, tin, antimony, etc. i lalo i ka brittleness o ka wela wela ma nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā degere. ʻO Chromium, manganese, nickel a me ke silika ka mea hoʻolaha, ʻoiai ke pāʻani nei ka molybdenum, tungsten a me ka titanium i kahi hana lohi. Hoʻokani pū ʻo Carbon i kahi hana catalytic. ʻAʻole palupalu nā paipu kukui kalapona maʻamau i ka wela wela. ʻO ke kila kila binary a i ʻole multicomponent i loaʻa i ka chromium, manganese, nickel a me ke silika, a ʻokoʻa kona ʻano e like me ke ʻano a me ka ʻike o nā mea hao.

He ʻokoʻa loa ka naʻau o ke ʻano kumu o ka puʻupuʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka brittleness wela wela o ke kila. ʻO Martensite kiʻekiʻe-mehana hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻoi loa ka maʻalahi i ka brittleness wela wela, ʻo ka bainite kiʻekiʻe ka wela wela ka lua, a ʻo ka pearlite ka mea liʻiliʻi loa.

ʻO ka manaʻo o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka brittleness o ka puʻupuʻu kukui pololei i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka hopena o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā mea haumia e like me ka phosphorus, tin, antimony a me arsenic ma ka palena o ka palaoa austenite kumu, ka hopena i ka embrittlement palena o ka palaoa. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea hoʻohui e like me ka manganese, nickel a me ka chromium me nā mea haumia i luna ma ka palena o ka palaoa, e hāpai ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā mea haumia a hoʻoikaika i ka embrittlement. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka molybdenum me ka phosphorus a me nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻohua i ka pae o ka ua i loko o ke aniani a keʻakeʻa i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka palena o ka phosphorus, hiki ke hōʻemi i ka brittleness o ka wela wela. He like ka hopena like me ka molybdenum. Hiki i ka Titanium ke hoʻoikaika maikaʻi i ka ua o ka phosphorus a me nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe i loko o ka aniani, i mea e hoʻonāwaliwali ai i ka palena o ka palaoa i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia o nā mea haumia a hoʻolohi i ka brittleness wela wela.

ʻO nā mea e hoʻemi ai i ka brittleness o ka wela wela o nā paipu kukui pololei penei: (1) ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka wela kiʻekiʻe, hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻaila ʻaila a i ʻole ka wai hoʻoheheʻe wikiwiki e pale i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā mea haumia ma ka palena o ka palaoa (2) Ke hoʻohana ʻia ka molybdenum. maʻiʻo i loko o ke kila piʻi i 0.7%, ka embrittlement tendency o kiʻekiʻe-mehana tempering ua hoemi loa. Ma waho aʻe o kēia palena, 20 # ʻo nā paipu kila pololei e hana i nā carbide kūikawā i waiwai nui i ka molybdenum, ke emi nei ka ʻike molybdenum i loko o ka matrix, a piʻi ka embrittlement o nā paipu kukui pololei (3) E hoʻemi i ka 20 # i ka ʻike o nā mea haumia i ka paipu kila pololei (4 ) He mea paʻakikī ke pale aku i ka embrittlement o nā ʻāpana e hana ana i kahi embrittlement hoʻomehana wela kiʻekiʻe no ka manawa lōʻihi ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka molybdenum wale nō. Ma ka hōʻemi wale ʻana i ka 20 # impurity element content in precision steel pipe, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maʻemaʻe o ka pololei o ka paipu ʻālohilohi, i hoʻohui ʻia e ka hui ʻana o ka alumini a me nā mea ʻene honua, hiki ke pale maikaʻi i ka embrittlement wela wela.