Loaʻa nā paipu kila ʻole
ʻAʻole hoʻohana wale ʻia ka paipu kila no ka lawe ʻana i ka wai a me ka pauka paʻa, ke hoʻololi ʻana i ka ikehu wela, ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana mechanical a me nā ipu, akā he kila waiwai pū kekahi. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka paipu kila e hana i ka papa hana hale, pou a me ke kākoʻo mechanical hiki ke hōʻemi i ke kaumaha, mālama i ka metala e 20 ~ 40%, a ʻike i ka hana ʻenehana a me ka mīkini. ʻO ka hana ʻana i nā Alahaka Alanui me nā paipu kila ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopakele i ke kila a me ka maʻalahi o ke kūkulu ʻana, akā hoʻemi nui hoʻi i ka wahi o ka uhi pale a mālama i nā kumukūʻai hoʻolimalima a mālama. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā paipu kila i ʻelua mau ʻāpana e like me nā ʻano hana: nā paipu kila ʻole a me nā paipu kila welded. ʻO nā paipu kila welded i kapa ʻia nā paipu welded no ka pōkole.
1. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka paipu kila maʻemaʻe i loko o ka paipu wili wela, ka paipu huki anu, ka paipu kila pololei, ka paipu hoʻonui wela, ka paipu anu milo a me ka paipu extruded e like me ke ʻano hana.
Hana ʻia ka paipu kila maʻemaʻe me ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ke kila kila, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka ʻōwili wela a me ka ʻōwili anuanu (drawing).
2.Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka paipu kila welded i loko o ke kapuahi welded paipu, ka uila kuʻi (resistance welding) paipu a me ka arc welded paipu ma muli o nā kaʻina hana wili. Ma muli o nā ʻano wili like ʻole, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka paipu wili wili pololei a me ka paipu wiliwili spiral. Ma muli o kona ʻano hopena, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o ka paipu welded circular a me ke ʻano kūikawā (square, flat, etc.) welded pipe.
Hana ʻia ka paipu kila welo me ka pā kila i ʻōwili ʻia e ka hui pū ʻana a i ʻole ke hili ʻili. Ma ke ano o ka hana ana, ua maheleia i welded kila paipu no ka haʻahaʻa-puʻe wai lawe, spiral seam welded kila paipu, pololei olokaa welded kila paipu, welded kila paipu, etc. Seamless kila paipu hiki ke hoʻohana no ka wai a me ke kinoea pipelines. ma nā ʻoihana like ʻole. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā paipu welded no nā pipeline wai, pipeline gas, pipeline hoʻomehana, pipeline uila, etc.
ʻO ka waiwai mechanical o ke kila he mea nui ia e hōʻoia i ka hana hope loa o ka lawelawe (mechanical property) o ke kila, e hilinaʻi ana i ka hoʻohui kemika a me ka ʻōnaehana mālama wela o ke kila. I ke kūlana paipu kila, e like me nā koi lawelawe like ʻole, ʻike ʻia nā waiwai tensile (ikaika tensile, ikaika hua a i ʻole yield point, elongation), paʻakikī a paʻakikī, a me nā waiwai kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa e koi ʻia e nā mea hoʻohana.
ʻO ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe loa (FB) i lawe ʻia e ka specimen i ka wā o ka haʻalulu, puʻunaue ʻia e ka ʻāpana cross-sectional mua (pēlā) o ka specimen(σ), Kapa ʻia ka ikaika tensile (σ b), ma N / mm2 (MPA). Hōʻike ia i ka hiki ke kiʻekiʻe loa o nā mea metala e pale aku i ka hāʻule ʻole ma lalo o ka ʻāʻī.
No nā mea metala me ka mea hoʻohua, ʻo ke koʻikoʻi i ka wā e hiki ai ke hoʻomau i ka hoʻonui ʻana (mālama mau) ke koʻikoʻi i ka wā o ke kaʻina tensile i kapa ʻia ʻo ka yield point. Inā emi ke koʻikoʻi, e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kiko o luna a me lalo. ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka helu huaʻai ʻo n / mm2 (MPA).
ʻO ke kiko o luna (σ Su): ke koʻikoʻi kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka emi ʻana o ke koʻikoʻi o ka hāpana no ka manawa mua; Kekahi hua haʻahaʻa (σ SL): ʻo ke koʻikoʻi liʻiliʻi ma ka pae hoʻohua ke nānā ʻole ʻia ka hopena koke mua.
ʻO ke kumu helu helu o ka helu hua:
Kahi: FS -- hāʻawi i ke koʻikoʻi (mau) o ka hāpana i ka wā hoʻopaʻapaʻa, n (Newton) pēlā -- ʻāpana keʻa mua o ka hāpana, mm2.
I ka ho'āʻo tensile, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka pākēneka o ka lōʻihi e ka lōʻihi ana o ka hāpana ma hope o ka haki ʻana i ka lōʻihi kumu mua i kapa ʻia ʻo elongation. me σ Hōʻike ʻia ma%. ʻO ke kumu helu helu: σ=（ Lh-Lo）/L0*100%
Kahi: LH -- ana ka lōʻihi ma hope o ka haki ʻana o ka laʻana, mm; L0 -- ana ka lōʻihi o ka laʻana, mm.
I ka ho'āʻo tensile, ʻo ka pākēneka ma waena o ka hōʻemi kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻāpana cross-sectional i ke anawaena hoʻemi ʻia a me ka ʻāpana cross-sectional mua ma hope o ka haki ʻana o ka specimen i kapa ʻia ʻo ka emi ʻana o kahi. me ψ Hōʻike ʻia ma%. Penei ke kumu helu helu:
Kahi: S0 -- ʻāpana kea mua o ka hāpana, mm2; S1 -- ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ʻāpana keʻa ma ke anawaena hoʻemi ma hope o ka haki ʻana o ka laʻana, mm2.
ʻO ka hiki i nā mea metala ke kūʻē i ka ʻili o nā mea paʻakikī i kapa ʻia he paʻakikī. E like me nā ʻano hoʻokolohua like ʻole a me ka laulā noi, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka paʻakikī i Brinell hardness, Rockwell hardness, Vickers hardness, shore hardness, microhardness and high temperature hardness. Hoʻohana mau ʻia ka paʻakikī ʻo Brinell, Rockwell a me Vickers no nā paipu.
E kaomi i ka pōpō kila a i ʻole ka pōpō carbide i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ke anawaena i loko o ka ʻili hāpana me ka ikaika hoʻāʻo (f), e wehe i ka ikaika hoʻāʻo ma hope o ka manawa paʻa i ʻōlelo ʻia, a ana i ke anawaena indentation (L) ma ka ʻili hāpana. ʻO ka helu paʻakikī ʻo Brinell ka quotient i loaʻa ma ka puʻunaue ʻana i ka ikaika hoʻāʻo e ka ʻāpana spherical o ka indentation. Hōʻike ʻia ma ka HBS (pōpō kila), ʻāpana: n / mm2 (MPA).
Kahi: F -- ho'āʻo ikaika i kaomi ʻia i ka ʻili o ka hāpana metala, N; D -- ke anawaena o ka poepoe kila no ka hoao ana, mm; D -- ke anawaena awelika o ka indentation, mm.
ʻOi aku ka pololei a me ka hilinaʻi o ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka paʻakikī o Brinell, akā ma ka maʻamau, pili wale ʻo HBS i nā mea metala ma lalo o 450N / mm2 (MPA), ʻaʻole no ke kila paʻa a i ʻole nā papa lahilahi. ʻO ka paʻakikī Brinell ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā kūlana paipu kila. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ke anawaena indent D e hōʻike i ka paʻakikī o ka mea, he intuitive a maʻalahi.
Laʻana: 120hbs10 / 1000 / 30: ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo ka waiwai paʻakikī o Brinell i ana ʻia ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pōpō kila 10mm anawaena ma lalo o ka hana o 1000kgf (9.807kn) hoʻāʻo ikaika no 30s he 120N / mm2 (MPA).
